Model sensitivity and uncertainty varied spatially across the highly heterogeneous Arctic tundra plant communities, illustrating the complexity inherent in model uncertainty in the Arctic.
One fundamental uncertainty in terrestrial biosphere models relates to model parameters, configuration variables internal to the model whose value can be estimated from data. Researchers from the University of Alaska and others incorporate a version of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) developed for Arctic ecosystems into the Predictive Ecosystem Analyzer (PEcAn) framework. PEcAn treats model parameters as probability distributions, estimates parameters based on a synthesis of available field data, and then quantifies both model sensitivity and uncertainty to a given parameter or suite of parameters. These authors examined how variation in 21 parameters in the equation for gross primary production influenced model sensitivity and uncertainty in terms of two C fluxes (net primary productivity and heterotrophic respiration) and two C (C pools (vegetation C and soil C). Several different parameterizations of TEM were set up across a range of tundra types (tussock tundra, heath tundra, wet sedge tundra, and shrub tundra) in northern Alaska, along a latitudinal transect extending from the coastal plain near Utqiaġvik to the southern foothills of the Brooks Range, to the Seward Peninsula. TEM was most sensitive to parameters related to the temperature regulation of photosynthesis. Model uncertainty was mostly due to parameters related to leaf area, temperature regulation of photosynthesis, and the stomatal responses to ambient light conditions. Their analysis also showed that sensitivity and uncertainty to a given parameter varied spatially. At some sites, model sensitivity and uncertainty tended to be connected to a wider range of parameters, underlining the importance of assessing tundra community processes across environmental gradients or geographic locations. Generally, across sites, the flux of net primary productivity (NPP) and pool of vegetation C had about equal uncertainty, while heterotrophic respiration had higher uncertainty than the pool of soil C. This study illustrates the complexity inherent in evaluating parameter uncertainty across highly heterogeneous Arctic tundra plant communities. It also provides a framework for iteratively testing how newly collected field data related to key parameters may result in more effective forecasting of Arctic change.
Citation: Euskirchen, E. S., S. P. Serbin, T. B. Carman, J. M. Fraterrigo, H. Genet, C. M. Iversen, V. Salmon, and A. D. McGuire. 2021. “Assessing dynamic vegetation model parameter uncertainty across Alaskan arctic tundra plant communities.” Ecological Applications, accepted.
Model sensitivity and uncertainty across heath, shrub, and tussock tundra located within close proximity at the NGEE Arctic Kougarok Hillslope field site.